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解析Iduron糖胺聚糖的一般生物學(xué)作用
發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2022-01-20 點(diǎn)擊次數(shù)： 1135次Iduron糖胺聚糖是長(zhǎng)線性多糖，由重復(fù)的二糖單元（即兩個(gè)糖單元）組成。重復(fù)的二糖單元由一個(gè)糖醛糖和一個(gè)氨基糖組成，但角質(zhì)素除外，在該蛋白中，糖醛酸是半乳糖。由于GAG具有高極性并吸引水，因此它們?cè)隗w內(nèi)用作潤(rùn)滑劑或減震器。它的生產(chǎn)：Iduron糖胺聚糖的分子量，二糖結(jié)構(gòu)硫酸化差異很大。這是因?yàn)镚AG合成不是像蛋白質(zhì)或核酸那樣由模板驅(qū)動(dòng)，而是通過(guò)加工酶不斷地改變。基于核心二糖結(jié)構(gòu)，GAG分為四類(lèi)。肝素/硫酸乙酰肝素（HSGAGs）和硫酸軟骨素/硫酸皮膚素（CSGAGs）是在高爾基體中合成的，其中粗糙的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)中形成的蛋白質(zhì)核心被O-糖基化后的糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶通過(guò)糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶形成蛋白聚糖而被修飾。硫酸角質(zhì)素可以通過(guò)蛋白聚糖的N-聯(lián)糖基化或O-聯(lián)糖基化來(lái)修飾核心蛋白。GAG的第四類(lèi)，透明質(zhì)酸 通過(guò)完整的膜合酶合成β-內(nèi)酰胺酶，該酶立即分泌動(dòng)態(tài)拉長(zhǎng)的二糖鏈。Iduron糖胺聚糖的一般生物學(xué)作用：1、由于糖胺聚糖的親水性強(qiáng)，對(duì)保持疏松結(jié)締組織中的水分有重要意義；2、糖胺聚糖是多價(jià)陰離子，對(duì)K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+等有較大的親和力，因此能調(diào)節(jié)這些離子在組織中的分布；3、糖胺聚糖，主要是透明質(zhì)酸有很大的粘滯性，附在關(guān)節(jié)面上具有潤(rùn)滑和保護(hù)作用；4、有促進(jìn)創(chuàng)傷愈合的作用。
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